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Galileo Galilei astronomy

Galileo was a 16th and 17th century astronomer born in Pisa, Italy.  In his early career he taught math at a university, the beginnings of his fame.  Galileo the math teacher made his first step into Galileo Galilei astronomy when he demonstrated to his students that Aristotle was incorrect about object of different weights falling at different speeds. He lost his position for this perceived insult of a respected fantastic, so he went on to the University of Padua.  It was there that his thoughts about astronomy truly started.

He started to study Physics and invented a new measuring device, the compass.  He learned the law of falling bodies and the parabolic path of projectiles.  These two thoughts were key to astronomy as it progressed.  But at the time Galileo claimed to have no interest in the subject other than that he believed the work of Copernicus rather than that of Aristotle and Ptolemy.  Copernicus’ theory was of a heliocentric solar system in which the planets circle the sun.  But in the work of Ptolemy and Aristotle the solar system circled the Earth.  The model Copernicus proposed for the order of planets around the sun has been proven.  And today we know Copernicus was completely right.

When the spyglass was invented in Holland, Galileo learned of it and made his own telescope which he turned to the sky.  This telescope magnified objects 20 times, which was enough to make out craters and mountains on the moon.  Galileo also determined that individual stars made up what was called the Milky Way.  He went on to learn Jupiter’s four largest moons.  These discoveries brought him fame enough to earn the position of Florence’s court mathematician.  No longer having to earn a living teaching, he could spend more time exploring. It took him only 9 months to learn Saturn’s phases.  This further contradicted Ptolemy while proving that Copernicus was right.

Galileo had a long standing feud with Aristotle’s beliefs and teachings.  Many scientists agreed with Galileo, and so published his findings.  But the powerful church was inclined to believe Aristotle’s theories which placed man at the center of creation.  In 1614 a priest in Florence denounced Galileo Galilei Astronomy.  Galileo’s response was a letter stating that science was above the bible.  In 1616 the church censored Galileo’s books, and a cardinal instructed him to stop teaching that the Earth moves.  Galileo continued with other studies but in regard to the solar system, obeyed the order.  It is said that Galileo had one comment after signing an agreement that the Earth does not go.  ”I would say here something that was heard from an ecclesiastic of the most eminent degree; “And yet … it moves.”

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